NVM

nvm: Node Version Manager 用于管理多个版本的node.js

常见命令

  • nvm arch：显示node是运行在32位还是64位。
  • nvm install <version> [arch] ：安装node， version是特定版本也可以是最新稳定版本latest。可选参数arch指定安装32位还是64位版本，默认是系统位数。可以添加–insecure绕过远程服务器的SSL。
  • nvm list [available] ：显示已安装的列表。可选参数available，显示可安装的所有版本。list可简化为ls。
  • nvm on ：开启node.js版本管理。
  • nvm off ：关闭node.js版本管理。
  • nvm proxy [url] ：设置下载代理。不加可选参数url，显示当前代理。将url设置为none则移除代理。
  • nvm node_mirror [url] ：设置node镜像。默认是https://nodejs.org/dist/。如果不写url，则使用默认url。设置后可至安装目录settings.txt文件查看，也可直接在该文件操作。
  • nvm npm_mirror [url] ：设置npm镜像。https://github.com/npm/cli/archive/。如果不写url，则使用默认url。设置后可至安装目录settings.txt文件查看，也可直接在该文件操作。
  • nvm uninstall <version> ：卸载指定版本node。
  • nvm use [version] [arch] ：使用制定版本node。可指定32/64位。
  • nvm root [path] ：设置存储不同版本node的目录。如果未设置，默认使用当前目录。
  • nvm version ：显示nvm版本。version可简化为v。

.nvmrc

该文件用于指定当前目录下的nodejs版本，如要指定nodejs版本为18

echo "node" > .nvmrc

或编辑.nvmrc文件：

18

然后当你运行nvm use:

$ nvm use
Found '/path/to/project/.nvmrc' with version <v18.17.0>
Now using node v18.17.0 (npm v9.6.7)

shell集成，自动加载nvm use

在~/.bash_profile 、 ~/.zshrc ~/.profile 或 ~/.bashrc添加指定内容，进入新目录时执行 nvm use

bash

$HOME/.bashrc:

cdnvm() {
    command cd "$@" || return $?
    nvm_path="$(nvm_find_up .nvmrc | command tr -d '\n')"

    # If there are no .nvmrc file, use the default nvm version
    if [[ ! $nvm_path = *[^[:space:]]* ]]; then

        declare default_version
        default_version="$(nvm version default)"

        # If there is no default version, set it to `node`
        # This will use the latest version on your machine
        if [ $default_version = 'N/A' ]; then
            nvm alias default node
            default_version=$(nvm version default)
        fi

        # If the current version is not the default version, set it to use the default version
        if [ "$(nvm current)" != "${default_version}" ]; then
            nvm use default
        fi
    elif [[ -s "${nvm_path}/.nvmrc" && -r "${nvm_path}/.nvmrc" ]]; then
        declare nvm_version
        nvm_version=$(<"${nvm_path}"/.nvmrc)

        declare locally_resolved_nvm_version
        # `nvm ls` will check all locally-available versions
        # If there are multiple matching versions, take the latest one
        # Remove the `->` and `*` characters and spaces
        # `locally_resolved_nvm_version` will be `N/A` if no local versions are found
        locally_resolved_nvm_version=$(nvm ls --no-colors "${nvm_version}" | command tail -1 | command tr -d '\->*' | command tr -d '[:space:]')

        # If it is not already installed, install it
        # `nvm install` will implicitly use the newly-installed version
        if [ "${locally_resolved_nvm_version}" = 'N/A' ]; then
            nvm install "${nvm_version}";
        elif [ "$(nvm current)" != "${locally_resolved_nvm_version}" ]; then
            nvm use "${nvm_version}";
        fi
    fi
}

alias cd='cdnvm'
cdnvm "$PWD" || exit

zsh

$HOME/.zshrc:

# place this after nvm initialization!
autoload -U add-zsh-hook

load-nvmrc() {
  local nvmrc_path
  nvmrc_path="$(nvm_find_nvmrc)"

  if [ -n "$nvmrc_path" ]; then
    local nvmrc_node_version
    nvmrc_node_version=$(nvm version "$(cat "${nvmrc_path}")")

    if [ "$nvmrc_node_version" = "N/A" ]; then
      nvm install
    elif [ "$nvmrc_node_version" != "$(nvm version)" ]; then
      nvm use
    fi
  elif [ -n "$(PWD=$OLDPWD nvm_find_nvmrc)" ] && [ "$(nvm version)" != "$(nvm version default)" ]; then
    echo "Reverting to nvm default version"
    nvm use default
  fi
}

add-zsh-hook chpwd load-nvmrc
load-nvmrc

fish

需要安装 bass ,~/.config/fish/functions/nvm.fish:

# ~/.config/fish/functions/nvm.fish
function nvm
  bass source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh --no-use ';' nvm $argv
end

# ~/.config/fish/functions/nvm_find_nvmrc.fish
function nvm_find_nvmrc
  bass source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh --no-use ';' nvm_find_nvmrc
end

# ~/.config/fish/functions/load_nvm.fish
function load_nvm --on-variable="PWD"
  set -l default_node_version (nvm version default)
  set -l node_version (nvm version)
  set -l nvmrc_path (nvm_find_nvmrc)
  if test -n "$nvmrc_path"
    set -l nvmrc_node_version (nvm version (cat $nvmrc_path))
    if test "$nvmrc_node_version" = "N/A"
      nvm install (cat $nvmrc_path)
    else if test "$nvmrc_node_version" != "$node_version"
      nvm use $nvmrc_node_version
    end
  else if test "$node_version" != "$default_node_version"
    echo "Reverting to default Node version"
    nvm use default
  end
end

# ~/.config/fish/config.fish
# You must call it on initialization or listening to directory switching won't work
load_nvm > /dev/stderr